Perón brought Isabel with him when he moved to Madrid, Spain, in 1960. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. [26], Isabel Perón granted ever more significant policy concessions to the largely conservative military in the early months of 1976, from security matters to economic. Having gained notoriety after the murder of FIAT executive Oberdan Sallustro, the ERP began the year with a violent assault on the Azul barracks. [16] The head of the CGE, Julio Broner, left Argentina with his family, altogether; CGT Secretary General Casildo Herreras followed suit, announcing from exile that he had "erased" himself. [29], After working late into the evening of 23 March 1976, in the hope of averting a renewed business lockout, Perón celebrated her executive assistant's birthday with staff. [31] She returned to Argentina once more, in 1988, to resolve probate disputes concerning the Perón estate,[32] then resumed residence in Spain under a very low profile. The couple won the election, and they took office in October 1973. Perón, who by then had gained Spanish citizenship, was briefly arrested. [23] A congressional investigation launched in November over the charity fund embezzlement allegations had meanwhile dissipated her remaining support in Congress, prompting the departure of the second-largest party in the FREJULI alliance, the centrist MID, and dividing the Peronist caucus into "Vericalist" and "Rebel" factions. Isabel Peron was born as María Estela Martínez Cartas on February 4, 1931, in La Rioja, Argentina, into a lower middle-class family to María Josefa Cartas Olguín and Carmelo Martínez… Seit 1981 lebt Isabel Perón in Spanien. In 2008, however, Spain’s National Court refused the extradition request, ruling that the charges did not constitute crimes against humanity and that the statute of limitations had been exceeded. The talks concluded with a weak agreement, and she resigned from her post as titular head of the party. [20][page needed] The government's 1975 budget had been derailed by the crisis and by earlier commitments to cancel its then still-modest foreign debt, something which even so cost Argentina US$2.5 billion that year, alone. [citation needed], Following the murder of Buenos Aires Police Chief Alberto Villar (one of López Rega's closest collaborators in the Triple A) and his wife, as well as amid increasing activity by the ERP in the Province of Tucumán, Perón was persuaded to declare a state of siege on 6 November (suspending, among other rights, habeas corpus). [2] Spanish courts subsequently refused her extradition to Argentina. The leader of the opposition UCR Ricardo Balbín, while making efforts to form a multi-party congressional crisis committee, held a private meeting in February with Army Chief of Staff Videla and told him, "If you're planning to stage a coup, do so as soon as possible – expect no applause from us, but no obstacles either. She was the third wife of President Juan Perón. María Estela Martínez de Perón (geriau žinoma kaip Isabel Martínez de Perón , g.1931 m. vasario 6 d.) – Argentinos šokėja, vėliau tapusi politine veikėja. [citation needed], A judge in Mendoza, Argentina in November 2006 demanded testimony from Isabel Perón, along with other Peronist ministers of her government, in a case involving forced disappearances during her presidency; on 12 January 2007, she was arrested in Madrid. Updates? María Estela Martínez Cartas de Perón (born 4 February 1931), better known as Isabel Martínez de Perón (Spanish pronunciation: [isaˈβel maɾˈtines]) or Isabel Perón, is an Argentine politician who served as President of Argentina from 1974 to 1976. Juan Domingo Perón was born in Lobos, Buenos Aires Province, on 8 October 1895.He was the son of Juana Sosa Toledo and Mario Tomás Perón. She continued to serve as official head of her husband's Justicialist Party until her resignation in February 1985, nearly a decade after her fall from power. María Estela Martínez Cartas de Perón (d. 4 Şubat 1931, La Rioja, Arjantin), Juan Perón'un üçüncü karısı ve 1974-1976 arasında Arjantin başkanı. Spain's National Court ruled twice that the charges against her did not constitute crimes against humanity, adding that the statute of limitations on the charges expired after 20 years. Batı Yarımküresi'nin monarşik olmayan ilk kadın devlet başkanıdır.. Dansçı olduktan sonra Isabel adını kullanmaya başladı. María Estela „Isabel” Martínez de Perón (ur.4 lutego 1931 w La Rioja) – pierwsza kobieta na stanowisku prezydenta, prezydent Argentyny w latach 1974–1976, trzecia żona Juana Peróna, wiceprezydent u boku swego męża.. Życiorys. She lived in Madrid, maintained close links with Francisco Franco's family, and sometimes went to Marbella. "[2] The Nunca Más ("Never Again") report released in 1984 by the National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons recorded 600 disappearances and 500 assassinations under the Peronist governments from 1973 to 1976, and it is acknowledged that the Triple A alone murdered some 600 people. Se trata de María Estela Isabel Martínez, Isabel Perón, o “Isabelita”, una antigua bailarina que había pasado la mayor parte de su vida en el extranjero (su forma de hablar así lo evidenciaba) y que como vicepresidenta se ocupó poco y nada de los deberes que la Constitución le asignó. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). A member of the Justicialist Party, she served as President of Argentina , from 1 July, 1974 to 24 March, 1976. [23], Limited largely to the murder of security forces and public figures during 1974, political violence escalated during 1975 to include soft targets in the population at large as Trotskyist ERP and fascist Triple A extremists began taking to midnight lightning strikes against each other and civilian targets such as banks, buses, yachts, parking lots, and restaurants. This military campaign, though successful from a military standpoint, gained notoriety for its brutality; in addition to going after insurgents, it attacked elected officials, magistrates, University of Tucumán faculty, and even secondary school teachers. [17] The president's appointment of a pragmatic economist, Peronist wheelhorse Antonio Cafiero and her 13 September announcement of a leave of absence relieved ample sectors of society, from labor unions to business. [13][page needed], Another source of contention between her and the voters was the increasing impression that José López Rega, the Minister of Social Welfare, set the agenda for a broad swath of Perón's policies, vetting nearly all domestic and foreign policy. This was the first in a series of measures which eroded constitutional rights, ostensibly for the sake of combating leftist violence. Having been deposed in a coup in 1955, Perón was forbidden from returning to Argentina, so his new wife was appointed to travel in his stead. [24][page needed] The Montoneros, moreover, began a series of audacious attacks on military installations, including August dynamiting of the nearly finished destroyer Santísima Trinidad near the port of La Plata and the Operation Primicia, a terrorist attack on a military base in Formosa Province on 5 October. [17], Operation Independence began in Tucumán on 5 February 1975. Februar 1931 in La Rioja, Argentinien) war [15][page needed], Anxiety over inflation, meanwhile, continued to dominate daily life. Isabel urodziła się jako Maria Estela … Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The controversy surrounding her social welfare minister López Rega, who was forced into exile for graft and terrorist activities, did not help her situation. [16], The majority of Peronist officials in the national, provincial, and municipal governments were promptly arrested, and many "disappeared" permanently during the subsequent Dirty War, including numerous right-wing Peronists. [9][page needed] The CGT leader José Alonso became one of her main advisers in Perón's dispute against Steelworkers' leader Augusto Vandor's Popular Union faction during mid-term elections in 1965; Alonso and Vandor were both later assassinated in as-yet unexplained circumstances. [5] In the early 1950s she became a nightclub dancer, adopting the name Isabel, the saint's name (the Spanish form of that of Saint Elizabeth of Portugal) that she had chosen as a confirmation name. She was born to a lower-middle-class family, acquired the name Isabel (her saint’s name) on her Roman Catholic confirmation, and used that name when she became a dancer. https://www.thevintagenews.com/2017/12/08/isabel-martinez-de-peron Omissions? It murdered, among others, a criminal court judge, Jorge Quiroga; the writer Jordán Bruno Genta; and the publisher of La Plata's centrist El Día, David Kraiselburd. [1] She was arrested near her home in Spain on 12 January 2007. National Reorganization Process - Wikipedia More recently, widows of political figures have been among the first women elected to high office in many countries, such as Corazón Aquino or Isabel Martínez de Perón . Torild Skard: "Isabel Péron" in Women of Power – Half a century of female presidents and prime ministers worldwide. Following protests in front of his offices, the now hated José López Rega was hastily appointed Ambassador to Spain and boarded a flight into exile. Se svým budoucím manželem Perónem se setkala v Panamě, kde pracovala jako tanečnice v nočním klubu. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Meet extraordinary women who dared to bring gender equality and other issues to the forefront. He chose Isabel as his nominee for the Vice Presidency to mollify feuding Peronist factions, as these could agree on no other running mate. His return from exile was marked by a growing rift between the right and left wings of the Peronist movement; while Cámpora represented the left wing, López Rega represented the right wing. [28] Even as the joint chiefs professed loyalty to La Presidente, the Armed Forces High Command had already given final approval to a coup, code-named 'Operation Aries', when the president returned from her leave of absence in October 1975. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The raid, executed jointly with Triple A heavies, led to the "disappearances" of many of the 300 workers arrested. Learn how and when to remove this template message, besieged the important Monte Chingolo Armory, National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons, "Isabel Peron's arrest signals shift in Argentina", "Extradition of Isabel Perón To Argentina Is Rejected By Court", "Argentinian death squad leader' arrested in Spain", "Precios al consumidor – Serie histórica – Variaciones porcentuales", "Historia secreta de la caída de Isabel Perón", "Murió ayer el doctor Angel Federico Robledo", "El pedido de Isabel Perón a Videla el día antes del golpe militar de 1976", "El papel de la prensa durante el proceso militar", Detienen en Valencia al ex dirigente de la Triple A Argentina Almirón Sena, "Isabel Peron Leaves Exile For Argentina", "L'ancienne présidente Argentine Isabel Perón arrêtée à Madrid, à la demande de Buenos Aires", "La Corte rechazó citar a Isabel Perón para que declare por delitos de lesa humanidad", Supreme directors of the United Provinces, Expulsion of Montoneros from Plaza de Mayo, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isabel_Martínez_de_Perón&oldid=1021128125, Dames Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic, Recipients of Argentine presidential pardons, Heads of government who were later imprisoned, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from June 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from June 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 3 May 2021, at 01:57. Sie war Tänzerin, First Lady Argentiniens und nach Juan Peróns Tod selbst Präsidentin - bis das Militär putschte. [20][page needed], Isabel Perón initially maintained the Social Pact inherited from her husband, and succeeded in enhancing it with reforms such as the enactment in December 1974 of payroll taxes to strengthen the Public Retirement System. [34], The rest of former living Presidents of Argentina are. Yielding to pressure from labor she ignored the incomes policy aspect of the Social Pact, however, and while the economy remained otherwise stable, a price/wage spiral ensued with inflation rising from a low of 12% a year at the height of the Social Pact in May 1974 to 80% a year later. Batı Yarımküresi'nin monarşik olmayan ilk kadın devlet başkanıdır.. Dansçı olduktan sonra Isabel adını başladı. 1973–74 ) in his administration political groups, having fallen out with Juan Perón political and. Said one day: Zanga Cutiricutanga, that words were a tipic words in years... 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