On the continent, many ALGs were built either from scratch or from captured enemy airfields throughout France, the Low Countries and Germany. Operation Varsity was the single largest airborne drop in history. In each case, the U.S. military aircraft would retaliate and in most cases, eliminate the offending air defense site(s). During the remainder of the 1970s, NATO deployments resumed supporting the COMET, CORONET and CRESTED CAP exercises. During the 1980s, Ninth Air Force wings upgraded from the Vietnam-Era F-4s and A-7s to newer F-15s, F-16 and A-10 aircraft. Major General Otto P. Weyland became commanding general of XIX Air Support Command, replacing Major General Elwood R Quesada. United States Air Forces Central Command is the air component of United States Central Command, a regional unified command. Afghanistan, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, and Yemen. Major General Paul L. Williams, who had commanded the troop carrier operations in Sicily and Italy, replaced Giles in command of IX Troop Carrier Command. Others were assigned to the new United States Air Forces in Europe and were moved to captured Luftwaffe airfields to perform occupation duties. The Allies drove the enemy back into a pocket around Bizerte and Tunis, where Axis forces surrendered in May. Although both George H. W. Bush and President Clinton promised to rebuild Homestead, the BRAC designated the installation for realignment to the Air Force Reserve, and on 1 April 1994, Headquarters, ACC inactivated its base support units and transferred base support responsibility to the Air Force Reserve Command and AFRC's 482d Fighter Wing, effectively ending ACC ownership of the base. "More and more Air Force are doing Army jobs," said Senior Master Sgt. On 1 March 2008 USCENTAF was redesignated USAFCENT. Airstrikes have been largely in areas where the insurgency is strongest, like Balad, Ramadi and in the vicinity of Baghdad, according to the U.S. Central Command. "It's nothing bad about the Army. United States Air Forces Central (USAFCENT/AFCENT) is a unit of the United States Air Force headquartered at Al Udeid AB, Qatar. On 18 April 1944, the IX and XIX Air Support Commands were redesignated, respectively, as IX Tactical Air Command and XIX Tactical Air Command.[18]. Splitting 9th AF and AFCENT. 9th AIR FORCE/AFCENT Ninth Air Force/AFCENT, Shaw Air Force Base, S.C. 12th Air Force/AFSOUTH 12th Air Force/AFSOUTH, Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Ariz. Read the full history here. Its responsibility was to direct and coordinate the training activities of National Guard observation squadrons inducted into federal service with those of light bomber units training with the Army Ground Forces. During most of 1943, the Ninth Air Force was officially assigned to RAF Middle East Command of the Mediterranean Air Command. After an Allied air forces command reorganisation effective 18 February 1943, the Ninth Air Force began to report to RAF Middle East Command (RAFME) under Air Chief Marshal Sir Sholto Douglas. USAFCENT Area of Responsibility Jet Black CAOC 9th AFCENT FHQ Super Wide poster art. Concurrently with the amalgamation of Ninth Air Force formations in the Mediterranean with Twelfth Air Force, plans were afoot in Britain to devolve Eighth Air Force's medium bomber force to a separate command. On 20 August 2020, the 9 AF designation was returned to USAFCENT with the deactivation of the 2009 established 9 AF. This command was offered to Brereton, who accepted "with utmost eagerness",[citation needed] and the force was constituted, also as Ninth Air Force, on 16 October 1943. On 4 January 1944 XIX Air Support Command was activated at RAF Middle Wallop to support Patton's Third Army in Europe. Ninth Air Force is responsible for ensuring the agile combat support capabilities of eight wings and three direct reporting units. After the end of hostilities, units from the Ninth flew air missions over Iraq as part of Operation Deny Flight, Operation Northern Watch and Operation Southern Watch. 9AF (AFCENT) is responsible for air operations, either unilaterally or in concert with coalition partners, and developing contingency plans in support of national objectives for USCENTCOM's 20-nation area of responsibility in Southwest Asia. [19] By the end of May 1944, the IX TCC had available 1,207 C-47 Skytrain troop carrier airplanes and was one-third overstrength, creating a strong reserve. The Air Force wants to separate the forward warfighting element from the rear day-to-day oversight element of 9th Air Force/Air Forces Central, so Gen. Norton Schwartz told lawmakers Tuesday during a House Armed Services Committee hearing on the 2010 Air Force budget. Timberlake headed the organization, with Kalberer as his A-3 and Lt. Col. Donald M. Keiser as his chief of staff. Other Ninth Air Force units carried out massive air attacks with P-51 Mustang, P-47 Thunderbolt fighter-bombers, North American B-25 Mitchell and Martin B-26 Marauder medium bombers. Most officers and men were sent back to the United States and their units inactivated. Additionally, USAFCENT manages an extensive supply and equipment prepositioning program at several Area of Responsibility sites. Lt. Gen. Gary North, 9th AF and U.S., The Tactical Bomber Force under Air Commodore Laurence Sinclair, the Desert Air Force under Air Vice Marshal Harry Broadhurst, and XII Air Support Command under Major General Edwin House were sub-commands of the Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) under Air Marshal Sir Arthur Coningham. With the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s, the 1991 Base Realignment and Closure Commission (BRAC) reductions meant the closing of Myrtle Beach AFB and England AFB. After initially resisting the attack, Field Marshal Erwin Rommel decided he no longer had the resources to hold his line and on 3 November he ordered his troops to withdraw. Following World War II, Ninth Air Force was reactivated on 28 March 1946 at Biggs AAF, Texas. “ACE is a force multiplier that takes our readiness to new levels,” said Col. Michael Egbalic, Ninth Air Force (AFCENT) special assistant to the chief of staff. Tarelle Walker) Initially American, British, and Canadian air power was grounded by very bad winter weather, but then the bad weather broke, freeing the tactical air forces to help break the back of the Wehrmacht attack. Ninth Air Force provided the aircraft, personnel and materiel to form United States Central Command Air Forces (USCENTAF), the USAF air power of CENTCOM, which was also headquartered at Shaw AFB. Ninth Air Force commanded TAC Wings east of the Mississippi River. 98th Bombardment Group with B-24D Liberators (343rd & 344th Squadrons at Lete, Libya; 345th & 415th Squadrons at Benina, Libya), 376th Bombardment Group at Berka, Tunisia with B-24D Liberators (512th, 513th, 514th, & 515th Bombardment Squadrons), 316th Troop Carrier Group at Deversoir, Egypt with C-47s, C-53s and DC3s (36th, 37th, & 44th Squadrons at Deversoir, Egypt; 45th Squadron at, 12th Bombardment Group (Medium) at Gerbini, Sicily with B-25s, 324th Fighter Group at El Haouaria, Tunisia with P-40s and, 340th Bombardment Group (Medium) at Comiso, Sicily with B-25s, 9th Air and Space Expeditionary Task Force - Afghanistan. by Tech. Scott Dearduff toured the Senior Airman Jason D. Cunningham Airman Leadership School and met with Airmen from around the 23rd Wing and 93rd Air … Additionally, USAFCENT manages an extensive supply and equipment prepositioning program at several Area of Responsibility sites. Air Expeditionary Force units are engaged in combat operations on an ongoing basis. In June 1942, the German Afrika Korps advance in North Africa forced the British Eighth Army to retreat towards Egypt putting British Middle East Command at risk. There were also numerous cases where Iraqi anti-aircraft guns and missiles engaged American aircraft. Air Force Central change-of-command ceremony Aug 5 at Shaw Air Force Base, S.C. General North relinquished command of 9th AF/USAFCENT, which was re-designated as … MacDill AFB was realigned under Air Combat Command as the headquarters of United States Central Command and United States Special Operations Command, but minus tactical aircraft operations with the reassignment of the 56th Fighter Wing to Air Education and Training Command and relocation to Luke AFB, Arizona. Activated as 9th Air Force on 8 April 1942, the command fought in World War II both in the Western Desert Campaign in Egypt and Libya and as the tactical fighter component of the United States Strategic Air Forces in Europe (USSTAF), engaging enemy forces in France, the Low Countries and in Nazi Germany. Share Article. These units encompass more than 400 aircraft, and 29,000 active-duty and civilian personnel. Ninth Air Force (AFCENT), headquartered at Shaw AFB, South Carolina, is responsible for organizing, training and equipping Airmen to meet the demands of today's expeditionary taskings while preparing for tomorrow's challenges. Your 9 AF / USAFCENT patches are 100% embroidered with Velcro backing. Sgt. During his visit, Chief Master Sgt. The Ninth's 316th Troop Carrier Group flew its missions with the Northwest African Troop Carrier Command (NATCC). In 1980, Ninth Air Force units were allocated to the new Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force (RDJTF). Combat missions briefly resumed in 1998 during Operation Desert Fox. Volunteers from 9th Air Force and U.S. Air Forces Central took time out of their lives to have a positive impact on the Airmen living in the dorms here, Jan. Among the deployed units were the 4th Air Expeditionary Wing, Camp Doha, Qatar (June 1996 and February 1997 in Air Expeditionary Force (AEF) Rotations III and IV respectively),[21] the 347th Air Expeditionary Wing, Shaikh Isa AB, Bahrain, and the 363d Air Expeditionary Wing at Prince Sultan AB, Saudi Arabia. Ninth Air Force (IX flag) was inactivated, 15th Air Force was activated, and U.S. Air Forces Central Command was redesignated as 9th Air Force (9-ball flag)/Air Forces Central during a virtual ceremony, Shaw Air Force Base, S.C., Aug. 20, 2020 (U.S. Air Force video by Staff Sgt. Senior military representatives from nine countries traveled to Shaw Air Force Base this week to participate in “Coalition Week,” a series of events focused on showcasing 9th Air Force’s (U.S. Air Forces Central) ability to distribute operations and command and control airpower from more than one location. USAFCENT is postured with integrated partners to deter and, if necessary, defeat any regional aggressors or their proxies. The bases were called "Advanced Landing Grounds" or "ALGs". U.S. Air National Guard Tech. During the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, Ninth Air Force units went on war alert, deploying to bases in Florida, being able to respond to the crisis on a moment's notice. New leaders take command of redesignated AFCENT, 9th Air Force. Ninth Air Force units, flying as USCENTAF, flew operational missions during the 2002 Operation Enduring Freedom—Afghanistan (OEF-A) and the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). Concurrently, ACC also transferred responsibility for MacDill AFB to Air Mobility Command following the arrival of an air refueling unit and redesignation of the host air base wing as an air refueling wing (later redesignated as an air mobility wing). As part of Operation Market-Garden, the Ninth Air Force transferred its entire IX Troop Carrier Command with its fourteen C-47 groups to the 1st Allied Airborne Army in September 1944. Several USAAF units were sent to join USAMEAF during next weeks in the destruction of Rommel's Afrika Korps by support to ground troops and secure sea and air communications in the Mediterranean. During Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm, Ninth Air Force units deployed to the Middle East, and flew combat missions over Kuwait and Iraq. On 12 October a small staff moved into Grey Pillars [RAF headquarters in Garden City, Cairo[10]], and thenceforth USAMEAF's bombers operated only under the "strategic" direction of the British. The creation of the new NAF is part of a larger force optimization effort within ACC, which began with the stand-up of 16th Air Force, a … When the current 9 AF came into existence in 2009, it didn't get the lineage of the old 9 AF. If you are trying to reach the Shaw AFB/PA office, please call their office at 803-895-1620. Marsha Christmas, right, 9th Air Force (Air Forces Central) personnel division, reviews a document with U.S. Air Force Master Sgt. The restructuring of USAF CONUS forces by the inactivation of Tactical Air Command and subsequent creation of Air Combat Command realigned Ninth Air Force with new units and new missions. Ninth Air Force had been first constituted as V Air Support Command, part of Air Force Combat Command, at Bowman Field, Kentucky on 11 September 1941. USAF missions included transporting troops, casualties and cargo flights. At that time, the Ninth Air Force consisted of:[12], By the end of 1942 a total of 370 aircraft had been ferried to the Ninth Air Force. 324th Fighter Group with P-40F Warhawks (314th Squadron at Hani Main, 315th Squadron at Kabrit, Egypt, & 316th Squadron at Causeway). Between 1 May and the invasion on 6 June, the Ninth flew approximately 35,000 sorties, attacking targets such as airfields, railroad yards, and coastal gun positions. [17] The IX TCC command and staff officers were an excellent mix of combat veterans from those earlier assaults, and a few key officers were held over for continuity. "Air Force Security Forces are traditionally associated with base defense, however, now they provide security for patrols and to deliver supplies.". NATAF was one of the three major sub-commands of the Northwest African Air Forces (NAAF) under Lieutenant General Carl Spaatz. Air cover over Allied-controlled areas on the continent was performed by the IX Air Defense Command. The Air Force also is keeping up with its traditional duties. The U.S. Air Forces Central Band (AFCENT Band) is the only permanently assigned Air … XXIX Tactical Air Command (XXIX TAC) was activated in France on 15 September 1944, commanded by Brig. On D-Day, IX Troop Carrier Command units flew over 2000 sorties conducting combat parachute jumps and glider landings as part of American airborne landings in Normandy of Operation Neptune. During this critical period of World War II when the Allied forces finally left North Africa for Europe, the groups of the Ninth Air Force consisted of:[14]. The practice of stripping away squadrons and aircraft from their home Tactical Air Command Wings and attaching them indefinitely to a new wing under Pacific Air Forces was the method used for long-term deployments to the South Vietnam and Thailand air bases engaged in combat operations. Rust, Kenn C. with George J. Letzer; James J. Grygier and Richard Groh. The long smash across France, Belgium, and Luxembourg was the highlight[citation needed] of the existence of the 9th Air Force. A legend retires, MH-60G Pave Hawk tail number 009 soars one last time; Airmen showcase COVID-19 Community … USAFCENT delivers dominant coalition air power to secure and stabilize the CENTCOM area of responsibility. While the proposal impacts only a handful of 9th Air Force and Air Combat Command Airmen at Shaw AFB, the temporary movement of the AFCENT commander and a small 30-40 person staff element will significantly enhance focus and continuity for AFCENT staff in theater, said Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. Norton Schwartz. In 1983, the RDJTF became a separate unified command known as the United States Central Command (USCENTCOM), focusing on the Middle East. Custom patches for Ninth Air Force/U.S. Subsequent negotiations carried the point with the British, who even turned over their 160 Squadron (Liberators) to the operational control of IX Bomber Command. 380th Air Expeditionary Wing. The operation saw the first use of the Curtiss-Wright C-46 Commando transport in Europe, operating with the reliable C-47 Skytrain of previous airborne operations, an experiment which ended with the catastrophic loss of 28% of the C-46s participating. Ninth Air Force tactical air support operations were flown over western Germany until the end of hostilities on 7 May. The prior and current Ninth Air Force is known as United States Air Forces Central (USAFCENT). [16] In February 1944 the Ninth Air Force underwent a reorganization and several troop carrier groups relocated headquarters. Ninth Air Force (Air Forces Central) kicked off Air and Missile Defense Exercise 21-02, a U.S.-led event that improves tactics, techniques and procedures against simulated air and missile threats and strengthens distributed operations capabilities, April 12, 2021. Air cover during the morning amphibious assault by Allied forces on the beaches of France was flown by P-38 Lightnings. [6] It shared its commander with Ninth Air Force until August 2009. On 12 November 1942, the US Army Middle East Air Force was dissolved and replaced by HQ Ninth Air Force, commanded by Lieutenant General Lewis H. Brereton. During this "phony war," American pilots gained invaluable experience in air-to-ground tactics that could not be duplicated in practice missions back at home. These deployments were designed to exercise CONUS based Air Force squadrons long range deployment capabilities and to familiarize the personnel with the European theatre of operations. In December 1944 through January 1945, Ninth Air Force fighters and bombers were critical in defeating the Wehrmacht during the Battle of the Bulge. Sgt. Those troop carrier groups flew many of the C-47s and towed CG-4 Waco gliders for the Allied airborne unit drops—Operation Market Garden—to take the bridges northwest of Eindhoven at Son (mun. After several relocations, on 20 August 1954, Ninth Air Force Headquarters was assigned to Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina, where it remains today. However, once the victory had been gained, the United States plunged into demobilization, just as it had done at the end of the First World War. Air Forces Central located in Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina. Ninth Air Force (Air Forces Central) is the air component of United States Central Command, a regional unified command. Time and time again Iraqi air defense radars came on line and "illuminated" American aircraft. IX Troop Carrier Pathfinder (Provisional), This page was last edited on 16 May 2021, at 12:08. The Palm Sunday Massacre was one noteworthy mission by the P-40 and Spitfire groups.[13]. The 379th Air Expeditionary Wing supports a wide range of missions to include: bomber, airlift, refueling, aeromedical evacuation, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance. For their mission to be successful, an effective partnership with ARCENT is essential. The mission of the 438th Air Expeditionary Wing is to set the conditions for a professional, fully independent and operationally capable Afghan air force to meet the security requirements of a secure and stable Afghanistan. This artwork is is not an accurate depiction of the Combined Air Operations Center (CAOC) for security purpose, the building featured is an artistic representation. “ACE is a force multiplier that takes our readiness to new levels,” said Col. Michael Egbalic, Ninth Air Force (AFCENT) special assistant to the chief of staff. It was under ACC the entire time and never had MAJCOM status (despite its misleading name). Operational missions involved attacks on rail marshaling yards, railroads, airfields, industrial plants, military installations, and other enemy targets in France, Belgium, and the Netherlands. Because of their short range, operational combat units would have to move to quickly prepared bases close to the front as soon as the Allied ground forces advanced. The 386th Air Expeditionary Wing is an airlift/intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance hub supporting coalition operations throughout the Arabian Gulf and combat operations in Afghanistan. Ninth Air Force (United States Air Forces Central Command) (9 AF/USAFCENT)[3] is a Numbered Air Force of the United States Air Force headquartered at Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina. Ninth Air Force groups attacked airfields and rail facilities in Sicily and took part in Operation Husky, carried paratroopers, and flew reinforcements to ground units on the island. The 378th Air Expeditionary Wing sustains and defends joint and partner forces at Prince Sultan Air Base (PSAB) while projecting combat airpower in support of theater plans and operations. In February 1943, after the Afrika Korps had been driven into Tunisia, the Germans took the offensive and pushed through the Kasserine Pass before being stopped with the help of both Ninth and Twelfth Air Force units in the battle. It is the Air Force Service Component of United States Central Command (USCENTCOM), a joint Department of Defense combatant command responsible for U.S. security interests in 27 nations that stretch from the Horn of Africa through the Persian Gulf region, into Central Asia.[4]. It operates RQ-1 Predator and MQ-9 Reaper UAV aircraft in the AFCENT AOR. [citation needed]. This command had its roots in a discussion on 5 September between Tedder's senior air staff officer, Air Vice Marshal H. E. P. Wigglesworth, and G-3 officers of USAMEAF, during which Wigglesworth asserted that he had control, delegated by Tedder, over the target selection for the U.S. heavy bombers. Amaani Lyle Secretary of the Air Force Public Affairs. Gen. Richard E. Nugent, to support operations of the U.S. Ninth Army. HALPRO was quickly diverted from its original mission to a new one—interdictory raids from airfields in Egypt against shipping and North African ports supporting Axis operations.[8]. Gliders were incorporated, Over 2,100 CG-4 Waco gliders had been sent to the UK, and after attrition during training operations, 1,118 were available for operations, along with 301 larger Airspeed Horsa gliders received from the British. At the time of Operation Husky, the invasion of Sicily on 10 July 1943, Ninth Air Force Headquarters was still based at Cairo in Egypt while the Headquarters of Ninth Fighter Command and IX Bomber Command were stationed at Tripoli and Benghazi, Libya, respectively. The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) had already planned for a buildup of American air power in the Middle East in January 1942 in response to a request from the British Chief of the Air Staff, but the first units arrived unexpectedly on 12 June 1942 as Col. Harry A. Halverson, commanding twenty-three B-24D Liberator heavy bombers and a hand-picked crews (a group called HALPRO – from "Halverson Project"), decided to move to Egypt. Allied victory in the Second Battle of Alamein was accomplished. The Ninth Air Force mission comprised: (1) Gain air superiority; (2) Deny the enemy the ability to replenish or replace losses, and (3) Offer ground forces close support in North-East Africa. The dangers of the Air Force's new role were highlighted when the expeditionary wing lost its first female member in the line of duty in Iraq. "—The Army Air Forces in World War II[11], On 1 November 1942, General Bernard Montgomery launched an attack on the Afrika Korps at Kidney Ridge. With the beaches secure, its tactical air units then provided the air power for the Allied break-out from the Normandy beachhead in the summer of 1944 during the Battle of Cherbourg, Battle for Caen, and the ultimate breakout from the beachhead, Operation Cobra. USAFCENT is responsible for air operations, either unilaterally or in concert with coalition partners, and developing contingency plans in support of national objectives for USCENTCOM's 20-nation area of responsibility in Southwest Asia. It was headquartered at Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina, from activation on 5 August 2009 until it was replaced by Fifteenth Air Force on 20 August 2020. With the end of American involvement during the early 1970s, these units were returned in large part to their home Ninth Air Force units in the United States. USAFCENT has a robust history of operations within Southwest Asia. The 455th Air Expeditionary Wing at Bagram Airfield, Afghanistan, provides close air support; combat search rescue; aerial intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance; and airlift capabilities to U.S. and coalition forces assisting in Resolute Support. XXIX TAC supported the Ninth Army in the north; IX TAC supported the First Army in the center; and XIX TAC supported the Third Army in the south. On 28 June 1942, Major General Lewis H. Brereton arrived at Cairo to command the U.S. Army Middle East Air Force (USAMEAF), which was activated immediately. Meanwhile, the existing Ninth Air Force will be inactivated and AFCENT will be re-designated as 9 AF/AFCENT. With golden shovels the 9th Air Force and U.S. Air Forces Central leadership broke ground for the 9th AF and U.S. AFCENT Airman's Memorial during a ceremony at 9 a.m. May 30 on the 9th AF headquarters parade grounds. This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http://www.afhra.af.mil/. In a memo of 7 September, Timberlake granted that this canon might be justifiably violated in the case of the 12th Bombardment (M) and 57th Fighter Groups, but he could see no reason why operational control of the 1st Provisional and 98th Groups, comprising four-fifths of the heavy bomber force in the Middle East, should not be vested in American hands. The official site of the Fifteenth Air Force. Initially being equipped with propeller-driven F-51, F-47 and F-82 aircraft during the postwar years, in the 1950s, Ninth Air Force units received the jet-powered F/RF-80 Shooting Star, F-84G/F Thunderjet, F-86D/H Sabre, and F-100 Super Sabre aircraft. From 1991, the 4404th Composite Wing (Provisional) served as a forward force, for most of that period flying from King Abdul Aziz AB, Saudi Arabia. Col. Patrick W. Timberlake, G-3 of Brereton's staff, took a serious view of this assertion in that it violated the Arnold-Portal-Towers agreement that American combat units assigned to theaters of British strategic responsibility were to be organized in "homogeneous American formations" under the "strategic control" of the appropriate British commander in chief. Monik Trick, 9th AF (AFCENT) personnel programs superintendent, at Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina, Nov. 2, 2020. The Ninth Air Force (9 AF) was a numbered air force of the United States Air Force's Air Combat Command (ACC). 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Single largest airborne drop in history Airmen are increasingly on the ground in Iraq: [ 22 ``. Was accomplished and current Ninth Air Force Reserve units American aircraft AFCENT/PA please... ( USAFCENT ) AFCENT from 2009 to 2020 was a named Air Force Air cover the! Direct reporting units and host the Air Force, AFCENT separation on 4 January 1944 XIX support! ( xxix TAC ) organizations which supported Army ground units in 1980, Ninth Air Force Central Air! The entire time and never had MAJCOM status ( despite its misleading name ) Army infantry and armored were! Continent, many ALGs were built either from scratch or from captured enemy airfields France. Deployed to Egypt for Exercise Bright Star, Kenn C. with George J. Letzer ; James J. and! Kalberer as his A-3 and Lt. Col. Donald M. Keiser as his chief of staff Air! Refueling, transport and surveillance planes also are in the Netherlands deactivation the...